Overall, the prediction error was the lowest for the method that developed expansion factors separately for the different truck groups for both single- and multi-unit trucks. The prediction error was determined by averaging the squared error between the estimated AADT and the actual AADT. A comparison of the accuracy of the three methods was made using the estimates of prediction error obtained from cross-validation. In n-fold cross-validation, data are split into n partitions, and data from the nth partition are used to validate the remaining data. The second and third methods created general expansion factors for all vehicles.Īccuracy of the three methods was compared using n-fold cross-validation. The first method developed monthly and daily expansion factors for each truck group. Traffic data from continuous count stations provided by the Iowa DOT were used to estimate AADT for two different truck groups (single-unit and multi-unit) using the three methods. This research evaluated three different methods to calculate heavy-truck annual average daily traffic (AADT) which can subsequently be used to estimate vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Consequently, reliable estimates of heavy-truck vehicle miles traveled (VMT) are important in creating accurate inventories of on-road emissions. Additionally, heavy vehicles pollute at higher rates than passenger vehicles. The number of trucks on the road also influences roadway capacity and traffic operations. Truck volumes are important in traffic safety. Estimates of truck volumes are necessary for pavement design and pavement management. Top Mount also comes with an adjustable link that suspends the motor on two adjustable mounting pins, designed to fit most Vintage Honda cycle engines and with the universal link the engine stand can accommodate a wide range of bikes!ĭesigned to fit Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, Suzuki, CT70, Z50, ST90, CZ, Ducati, Vespa, Piaggio, BMW, scooters, and ATVs.Reliable estimates of heavy-truck volumes are important in a number of transportation applications. The mounting hole pattern is laser cut steel plate to perfectly align with your two bolt pattern. Top Mount suspends the motor on two mounting pins that lets you quickly slide the motor onto the stand. Stops motor from rolling around your work bench like a frozen turkey. Test start and run the engine while still locked in the engine stand.ĭurable LASER CUT Steel construction & dry powder paint finish VMT Engine Stands attach all types of vintage motorcycle engines, ATV or trail bike engines 110cc & smaller to your work bench, pedestal, or a sturdy work cart. Holds motor upright for wire brushing/ polishing/ painting, Rotates from horizontal to an upright position & can spin 360° Secures engine parts from toppling forward during reassembly. Provides easy access during mechanical rebuilds, Tilts motor to a 45° angle and spins 360° Great for de-greasing and “dirty work” over a trash can. Hangs motor out, off the edge of the workbench, Spin-Tilt-Rotate Engine Stand – Top Mount Engine Stand manufactured in Houston, Texas at “VMT Vintage Motorcycle Tools” and sold exclusively on eBay Motors, features a Top Mount Engine stand with an adjustable link that makes it “Universal” great for the following: The most versatile motorcycle engine stand on the market! Spin-Tilt-Rotate – Top Mount Engine Stand VMT Top Mount Engine Stand shown with the VMT Run Kit Option

Vmt construction